Gwinnett County, Georgia - Gwinnett Water Resources

Gwinnett County, Georgia  - gwinnett water resources

Gwinnett County is a county in the north central portion of the U.S. state of Georgia. As of the 2010 census, the population was 859,304, making it the second-most populous county in Georgia. Its county seat is Lawrenceville. The county is named for Button Gwinnett, one of the signers of the Declaration of Independence.

Gwinnett County is included in the Atlanta-Sandy Springs-Roswell, GA Metropolitan Statistical Area.

Gwinnett County, Georgia  - gwinnett water resources
History

Created in 1818 by an act of the Georgia General Assembly, Gwinnett County was formed from parts of Jackson County (formerly part of Franklin County) and from lands gained through the cession of Indian lands. Named for Button Gwinnett, one of the signatories of the Declaration of Independence, the first county court was held at the home of Elisha Winn, and the county seat was placed at Lawrenceville.

In 1861, all three of Gwinnett County’s representatives at the Georgia Constitutional Convention (1861) in Milledgeville voted against secession. Towards the end of the war, several skirmishes took place in Gwinnett County as part of the Atlanta Campaign.

The northeastern part of Gwinnett County was removed to form a part of the new Barrow County in 1914.

Gwinnett County, Georgia  - gwinnett water resources
Geography

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 437 square miles (1,130 km2), of which 430 square miles (1,100 km2) is land and 6.4 square miles (17 km2) (1.5%) is water.

It is located along the Eastern Continental Divide. A portion of the county to the northwest is a part of the Chattahoochee River National Recreation Area chain.

The regional reservoir, Lake Lanier, at the extreme north of the county, is the central cause to the Tri-state water dispute.

The southern and central portions of Gwinnett County are located in the Upper Ocmulgee River sub-basin of the Altamaha River basin. Most the county's northern edge, from south of Peachtree Corners to north of Buford, is located in the Upper Chattahoochee River sub-basin of the ACF River Basin (Apalachicola-Chattahoochee-Flint River Basin), while the county's eastern edge, north and south of Dacula, is located in the Upper Oconee River sub-basin of the same Altamaha River basin.

Adjacent counties

Gwinnett County, Georgia  - gwinnett water resources
Transportation

Airport

The county maintains a regional airport under the name Gwinnett County Airport, formerly, Briscoe Field.

Major highways

Ronald Reagan Parkway

Transit Systems

  • Xpress GA/ RTA Commuter buses and Gwinnett County Transit serve the county.

Gwinnett County, Georgia  - gwinnett water resources
Demographics

As of the 2010 United States Census, there were 805,321 people, 268,519 households, and 203,238 families residing in the county. The population density was 1,871.2 inhabitants per square mile (722.5/km2). There were 291,547 housing units at an average density of 677.4 per square mile (261.5/km2). The racial makeup of the county was 53.3% White, 23.6% black or African American, 10.6% Asian, 0.5% American Indian, 0.1% Pacific Islander, 8.8% from other races, and 3.1% from two or more races. Those of Hispanic or Latino origin made up 20.1% of the population. In terms of ancestry, 8.3% were German, 7.8% were Irish, 7.7% were English, and 5.8% were American.

Of the 268,519 households, 45.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 56.2% were married couples living together, 14.2% had a female householder with no husband present, 24.3% were non-families, and 19.1% of all households were made up of individuals. The average household size was 2.98 and the average family size was 3.40. The median age was 33.7 years.

The median income for a household in the county was $63,219 and the median income for a family was $70,767. Males had a median income of $48,671 versus $39,540 for females. The per capita income for the county was $26,901. About 8.7% of families and 11.0% of the population were below the poverty line, including 15.1% of those under age 18 and 8.1% of those age 65 or over.

Gwinnett County, Georgia  - gwinnett water resources
Economy

  • AGCO is headquartered in Duluth.
  • American Megatrends is headquartered in Building 200, at 5555 Oakbrook Parkway, in unincorporated Gwinnett County, near Norcross.
  • NCR Corporation has its headquarters in unincorporated Gwinnett County, near Duluth.
  • Primerica is headquartered in unincorporated Gwinnett County, near Duluth.
  • Waffle House is headquartered in unincorporated Gwinnett County, near Norcross.
  • Yerkes National Primate Research Center, the CDC's primate research center located on the campus of Emory University near Atlanta, maintains its high security Yerkes field station, which houses most of its primates, near Lawrenceville.
  • Canon has its southeast region headquarters in Norcross.
  • Datapath, A firm specializing in satellite communications and wireless communications systems is headquartered in unincorporated Gwinnett, near Duluth.

Gwinnett County, Georgia  - gwinnett water resources
Government and politics

Under Georgia's "home rule" provision, county governments have free rein to legislate on all matters within the county, provided that such legislation does not conflict with state or federal law, or state or federal Constitutions.

Gwinnett County, Georgia is governed by a five-member Board of Commissioners, which exercises both legislative and executive authority within the county. The chairman of the Board is elected county-wide and serves full-time. The four other Commissioners are elected from single-member districts and serve part-time positions. The Board hires a County Administrator who oversees daily operations of the county's twelve executive departments. Gwinnett County has a police department that operates under the authority of the Board of Commissioners.

In addition to the Board of Commissioners, county residents also elect persons to the following positions: Sheriff, District Attorney, Probate Court Judge, Clerk of State/Superior Court, Tax Commissioner, State Court Solicitor, Chief Magistrate Judge (who appoints other Magistrate Court judges), Chief Superior Court Judge and Superior Court Judges, and Chief State Court Judge and State Court Judges.

Gwinnett County has the largest public school system in the State of Georgia. Members of the Board of Education are elected from special election districts in the county.

Gwinnett County Board of Commissioners

United States Congress

Georgia General Assembly

Georgia State Senate

Georgia House of Representatives

Gwinnett County, Georgia  - gwinnett water resources
Hospitals

  • Gwinnett Medical Center (Lawrenceville)
  • Gwinnett Medical Center â€" Duluth
  • Eastside Medical Center - (Snellville) Formerly Emory Eastside Medical Center, the hospital was purchased by Hospital Corporation of America in 2011.

Gwinnett County, Georgia  - gwinnett water resources
Media

The main newspaper of Gwinnett County, Georgia is the Gwinnett Daily Post.

The Spanish language newspaper El Nuevo Georgia has its headquarters in unincorporated Gwinnett County, near Norcross.

Telemundo Atlanta and The Atlanta Journal-Constitution are both based out of Gwinnett.

Gwinnett County, Georgia  - gwinnett water resources
Education

Primary and secondary schools

Gwinnett County Public Schools operates the public schools for residents in Gwinnett County, with the exception of residents inside the Buford city limits, which are served by the Buford City School District.

Private education

  • Greater Atlanta Christian School, the second-largest independent school in Georgia, is located in Norcross.
  • Seigakuin Atlanta International School, a private Japanese education system elementary and middle school, is located in Peachtree Corners. The school moved from property at Oglethorpe University to its current address, former property of the Romanian First Baptist Church, in 2003.
  • Wesleyan School is located in Peachtree Corners.

Colleges and universities

  • Georgia Gwinnett College is located in Lawrenceville, in Gwinnett County.
  • Gwinnett Technical College is also located in Lawrenceville.
  • Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine is located in Suwanee.

Sports

Minor-league affiliates of the NHL Boston Bruins, and the MLB Atlanta Braves play home games and talent scout in the area.

Georgia Force of Arena Football League had also played at Arena at Gwinnett Center before the team folded in 2012.

Gwinnett also hosts the Gwinnett Rugby International Touring Squad, a Division 3 Men's Rugby Team.

On May 29, 2015, the Minnesota Swarm of the National Lacrosse League announced it was relocating, becoming the Georgia Swarm, and will play at The Arena at Gwinnett Center beginning with the 2016 season.

Communities

Cities

Towns

  • Braselton (partly in Jackson County, Hall County, and Barrow County)
  • Rest Haven (partly in Hall County)

Census-designated places

  • Mountain Park

Unincorporated communities

  • Centerville
  • Five Forks
  • Mechanicsville
  • Hamilton Mill

People

The rap group Migos hails from Gwinnett County. Migos won the 2015 YouTube Music Award, as well as several other notable entertainment television awards. Net worth in 2015 was reported to be 4.2 million (USD).

Strange Music artist Rittz also hails from Gwinnett County.

Rapper Madeintyo also was raised in Gwinnett County.

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PNM Resources - Pnm Resources

PNM Resources  - pnm resources

PNM Resources (NYSE: PNM) is an energy holding company based in the U.S. state of New Mexico. The acronym PNM by itself usually refers to the PNM Resources subsidiary Public Service Company of New Mexico (described below). Headquartered in Albuquerque, PNM Resources has approximately 2,530 megawatts of generation capacity and serves electricity to 498,000 homes and businesses in northern New Mexico and parts of West Texas.

PNM Resources  - pnm resources
Primary holdings

Public Service Company of New Mexico (PNM)

Public Service Company of New Mexico is a corporation that is wholly owned by PNM Resources. In marketing material it is usually called PNM.

Headquartered in Albuquerque, it provides electricity to 413,000 customers in the urbanized or semi-urbanized areas in the northern half of the state. Elsewhere, rural electric cooperatives provide much of the power. PNM maintains approximately 2,000 miles (3,200 km), 2,282 miles (3,673 km) of electric transmission lines, and 7,594 electric distribution lines. PNM is a significant owner of the San Juan generation facility, a coal-fired plant located near Farmington, New Mexico, and a 10% owner in the Palo Verde Nuclear Generating Facility near Phoenix, AZ. PNM also owns and operates several natural gas-fired plants throughout the state of New Mexico including Reeves Generating Station in Albuquerque, most of which are used to meet additional demand for electricity in the summer months. PNM employs approximately 2,000 people and has been noted as one of the top companies in the United States for minorities to work for.

Texasâ€"New Mexico Power Company

Texasâ€"New Mexico Power is a corporation that is wholly owned by PNM Resources. It is a regulated electric utility operating in Texas.

PNM Resources  - pnm resources
Corporate organization and history

PNM was originally founded in 1917 as the Albuquerque Gas and Electric Company. PNM sold the gas part of the business to Southern Union Gas Company of Dallas in 1949. These sold portions became the Gas Company of New Mexico. In 1985, however, PNM reacquired the Gas Company of New Mexico after Southern Union Gas Company reached a settlement stemming from federal anti-trust litigation. In 1994, both electric and gas operations began serving customers as PNM.

In May 2003, PNM Resources' utility subsidiary PNM was recognized by the American Wind Energy Association's Utility Leadership Award for PNM's role in creation of the New Mexico Wind Energy Center. The award was presented at the National Wind Energy Conference in Austin, Texas.

In 2008, PNM sold New Mexico Gas to Continental Energy, a company backed by the private equity firm Lindsay Goldberg. It was later acquired by TECO Energy. It will soon become a division of Halifax, Canada-based Emera when its acquisition of TECO Energy closes by mid-2016.

PNM Resources  - pnm resources
References

PNM Resources  - pnm resources
External links

  • Official website
  • Public Service Company of New Mexico official website

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Indiana Department Of Natural Resources - Indiana Department Of Natural Resources

Indiana Department of Natural Resources  - indiana department of natural resources

The Indiana Department of Natural Resources (DNR) is the agency of the U.S. state of Indiana charged with maintaining natural areas such as state parks, state forests, recreation areas, etc. There are many divisions within the DNR and each has a specific role. The DNR is not only responsible for maintaining resource areas but also manages Indiana's fish and wildlife, reclaims coal mine ground, manages forested areas, aids in the management of wildlife on private lands, enforces Indiana's conservation laws, and many other duties not named here. According to the department's website, their mission is "to protect, enhance, pre serve, and wisely use natural, cultural, and recreational resources for the benefit of Indiana's citizens through professional leadership, management, and education."

Indiana Department of Natural Resources  - indiana department of natural resources
History

The Department of Natural Resources was created as part of the Natural Resources Act, passed by the Indiana General Assembly and signed into law by Governor Roger Branigin in 1965.

Four agencies were placed under the department's umbrella:

  • Department of Conservation (the forerunner to the Department of Natural Resources)
  • Flood Control and Water Resources Commission
  • State Soil and Water Conservation Committee
  • Outdoor Recreation Council

In 1967, the Nature Preserves Act established the Division of Nature Preserves, also under the same departmental oversight. Since then, the department has been involved in numerous initiatives and legislative efforts, including the establishment of new state parks, new flood laws, hunter safety programs, forestry education and the general rejuvenation of Indiana's forestland. Today, the Department of Natural Resources claims that Indiana has 4.5 million acres (18,000 km²) of forestland, still far from the area's original 23 million acres (93,000 km²), but an improvement from the two million acres (8,000 km²) that remained intact by 1900.

Indiana Department of Natural Resources  - indiana department of natural resources
Organization

At the top of the organization is the director (presently Cameron F. Clark), who reports directly to the Governor of Indiana. In addition to overseeing the department, the director also serves on an autonomous board known as the Natural Resources Commission, consisting of both government officials and citizen members, which meets at least four times annually to address issues pertaining to the department. The director also has an advisory council at his disposal.

Beneath the director, there are four deputy directors, each of whom is responsible for a team under which many of the department's divisions are organized. Those teams and their divisions are as follows:

  • Regulatory Management Team
    • Water
    • Reclamation
    • Entomology & Plant Pathology
    • Historic Preservation & Archaeology
    • Oil and Gas
  • Land Management Team
    • State Parks & Reservoirs
    • Natural Preserves
    • Land Acquisition
    • Fish and Wildlife
    • Outdoor Recreation
    • Forestry
    • Engineering
  • Administrative Management Team
    • Budget and Performance Management
    • Accounting
    • Human Resources
    • MIS
    • Purchasing
    • Strategic Management & Organizational Excellence
  • Legal Team
    • Office of Legal Counsel

In addition, there are five departments that don't fall under one of the four teams:

  • Legislative Affairs
  • Communications
  • Law Enforcement
  • Natural Resources Foundation
  • Indiana Heritage Trust

The agency's official magazine is Outdoor Indiana.

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Hess Corporation - Hess Resource Center

Hess Corporation  - hess resource center

Hess Corporation "HES", formerly Amerada Hess Corporation "AHC", is a global independent energy company engaged in the exploration and production of crude oil and natural gas. Hess, headquartered in New York City, placed #394 in the 2016 list of Fortune 500 corporations. In 2014, Hess completed a multi-year transformation to an exploration and production company by exiting all downstream operations, generating approximately $13 billion from assets sales beginning in 2013. Hess sold its gas station network to Marathon Petroleum (which operates under the retail brand Speedway); sold its wholesale and retail oil, natural gas and electricity marketing business to Direct Energy; closed its refineries in Port Reading NJ and St. Croix USVI (Hovensa JV with PDVSA); sold its bulk storage and terminalling business mostly to Buckeye Partners; and sold its 50% interests in two New Jersey power plants to their respective JV partners (Bayonne Energy Center: ArcLight Capital and Newark Energy Center: Ares EIF). Hess also sold its 50% interest in its JV commodities trading arm HETCO (Hess Energy Trading Company) to Oaktree Capital. HETCO is now known as Hartree Partners.

The company has exploration and production operations both on-shore: United States and Libya and off-shore: Canada, South America (Guyana & Suriname), Europe (Norway & Denmark), Africa (Ghana & Equatorial Guinea), Southeast Asia (Malaysia and the Joint Development Area of Malaysia and Thailand), and Australia.

Hess Corporation  - hess resource center
History

In 1919 British oil entrepreneur Lord Cowdray formed Amerada Corporation to explore for oil in North America. The firm was incorporated Feb. 7, 1920, in Delaware as a holding company for its principal subsidiary, the Amerada Petroleum Corporation. The oil producer experienced growth during most of the 1920s, hitting a peak in 1926 with a net income of US$4.9 million. However, in the years leading to the Great Depression, weakness in the oil markets contributed to sluggish profits. The aftermath of the market crash aggravated the unsteady oil industry. In the first quarter of 1930, the company experienced a minor loss. The early years of the Depression was a struggle against wavering demand and overproduction in some regions. Later into the 1930s, the financial forecast became more sanguine for Amerada.

In December 1941, the company reorganized by merging the holding company with the principal operating subsidiary, Amerada Petroleum Corporation, into a simplified operating company. The new entity also adopted the former subsidiary's name.

Robust postwar growth rocketed the company past US$100 million in sales in 1955.

Hess Oil and Chemical, an oil refiner and marketer founded by Leon Hess, acquired 10% of the company for US$100 million in 1966 after the British government sold a stake it had amassed during World War II. Albert Levinson became the senior vice president and designed the Hess logo. Hess and Amerada would announce plans for a merger in December 1968. Some Amerada stockholders led by Morton Adler criticized the arrangement as being too favorable for Hess. Adler argued Amerada's oil reserves would contribute the lion's share of assets for the proposed company, so Amerada stockholders should retain more control of the new company. Before the stockholder vote on the matter, Phillips Petroleum, an integrated oil firm, approached Amerada with its own merger proposal, but the offer was declined in March. Still interested, Phillips nonetheless stated it would not carry out a proxy fight against the proposed Hess deal. Hess fearing such a strategy, made a cash tender offer of US$140 million for an additional 1.1 million shares of Amerada, which would double its holding in the company. The new shares would be employed in a May stockholder vote deciding the merger's fate. The vote took place amidst shareholder rancor that in addition to echoing Adler's arguments, objected to Amerada's financing of the recently completed tender offer. Hess planned to cancel the shares and the cost of the acquisition would be absorbed by the newly formed company. One shareholder at the meeting quipped, "It looks to me as if Hess is buying Amerada with Amerada's money." Proponents of the deal won, and the US$2.4 billion merger combining a purely production company with a refinery and marketer operation was completed. However controversy was not yet extinguished by the stockholder confirmation. A class action federal lawsuit in 1972 claiming the proxy vote information was misleading. In 1976, a court agreed that the company falsely claimed to have considered each company's assets as a reaso n for the merger.

In February 2000, Hess acquired the 51% shares of the Meadville Corporation it didn't already own, and rebranded all 178 Merit gas stations as Hess. The Merit gas station chain were primarily in the Boston, New York, and Philadelphia markets.

In 2001, Amerada Hess purchased Triton Energy Limited in a cash tender deal valued at approximately US$3.2 billion. Triton, one of the largest independent oil and natural gas exploration and production companies in the U.S., had earned a reputation as a maverick oil company due to its highly successful yet potentially risky overseas exploration. According to Amerada Hess press releases at the time, Triton's major oil and gas assets in West Africa, Latin America, and Southeast Asia would strengthen its exploration and production business and give it access to long life international reserves. Hess also stated that the purchase was expected to immediately increase the company's per-day barrel output by more than 25 percent.

Also in 2001, Amerada Hess entered into a joint venture with A.T. Williams Oil Co. of Winston-Salem, North Carolina. The company and its gas stations were called WilcoHess. Eventually, there were 1200 WilcoHess stations.

Following on the heels of the Triton purchase, energy prices fell and global economies weakened. Amerada Hess struggled through the following years, posting a US$218 million loss in 2002 due primarily to a US$530 million charge relating to its write-down of the Ceiba oil field, but then posting steadily increasing profits from 2003 through 2006, when the company posted US$1.920 billion in net income.

In May 2006, Amerada Hess Corp. changed its name to Hess Corp.

On January 18, 2012 the company announced that it would close the Hovensa refinery in St. Croix, United States Virgin Islands by mid-February 2012. The refinery will then serve as a storage terminal

Hess will permanently close its Port Reading, New Jersey petroleum refinery by the end of February, 2013: Gas prices rose to their highest levels since October and Hess said it will lay off 170 of 217 employees, exit the refinery business and seek a buyer for its 19 storage terminals. It will focus on exploration and production. A Hess press release announces the company's plans for "Fully exiting the Company's downstream businesses, including retail, energy marketing, and energy trading." there is no link between the rise in gas prices after the announcement of the closing of the Woodbridge (Port Reading) NJ facility. The output of that facility was more geared to the aviation and specialty fuels markets and not automotive grade products

On March 4, 2013 Hess announced that it would sell its domestic refineries and retail operations and that it would also sell its holdings in Indonesia and Thailand. The New York Times also reported that Hess retail and refinery operations contributed about 4 percent of the company's revenue. It also noted that Hess will sell its holdings in Indonesia and Thailand. The company will focus exclusively on oil production, following a recent trend in the oil industry for companies to spin off their downstream assets and focus on their more profitable upstream business; ConocoPhillips and Marathon Oil have also made similar spinoffs in recent years with Phillips 66 and Marathon Petroleum, respectively.

In April 2013, Hess Corp announced it would be selling its Russian unit to Lukoil for $2.05 billion. In July 2013, Hess Corp said it would sell its energy marketing unit to UK firm Centrica for around $1.03 billion.

Hess Corp announced in October 2013 that it was planning on selling its East Coast and St.Lucia storage terminal network to Buckeye Partners LP for $850 million.

Hess Corp announced in December 2013 that it is selling its Indonesian assets to an Indonesian petroleum consortium.

On January 8, 2014 Hess filed for a tax-free spin-off of its gas station network. The newly formed company was to be known as Hess Retail and will include over 1,200 stores throughout the Eastern United States. Before completing the spin-off, Marathon Petroleum subsidiary Speedway LLC announced on May 22, 2014 that it would acquire the retail unit of Hess Corp for $2.87 billion. Following the closure of the acquisition in late 2014, all Hess gas stations will be rebranded as Speedway gas stations by the end of 2017. The transaction completed the transformation of Hess into an energy company focused solely on exploration and production, effectively reversing the Amerada merger almost 50 years prior.

Hess Corporation  - hess resource center
Environmental record

The New York Times reported on October 28, 1990, that a barge with a load of 31,000 barrels (4,900 m3) of kerosene struck a reef in the Hudson River, spilling 163,000 US gallons (620 m3) of fuel. Immediately, Hess assumed responsibility for the cleanup; the Coast Guard worked alongside the Red Star company to clean and to contain the spill to one area. Coast Guard official Mr. Holmes said "The weather and wind conditions are almost as close to perfect as they could get," and this contributed to a quicker and surer cleanup than could otherwise be. According to The New York Times, Mr. Holmes also said that 70 percent of the spill would be gone in three days due to the natural evaporation rate of kerosene. Even though most kerosene evaporates, toxic chemicals such as benzene stay in the water and harm certain fish. Hess claims that their corporate policy has "long stressed" their "fundamental commitment to comply with applicable environment, heal th and safety laws and regulations," and they claim to clean every spill made.

The Patchogue Oil Company, brought under the Amerada Hess Company in 1977, was responsible for an oil spill in the Gowanus Canal on January 3, 1976, when more than 2.5 million US gallons (9,500 m3) of number 6 crude oil was spilled into the Gowanus Canal. At that time, this was the largest oil spill on record.

In accordance with a New York State Department of Environmental Conservation (DEC) agreement the Hess Corporation will pay $1.1 million in fines and also "bring 65 gasoline stations and oil storage facilities into compliance with state requirements." The agreement addresses more than 100 violations at 65 gas stations and Hess's Brooklyn major oil storage facility. The agreement is aimed at resolving Hess's violations in the DEC's New York City and lower Hudson Valley regions.

In a recent water contamination case against several major US oil companies, the Hess Corporation will pay part of a $422 million settlement. The case was filed by 153 public water providers in 17 states against the oil companies "over drinking water contamination caused by the gasoline additive Methyl Tertiary Butyl Ether (MTBE)." The settlement also stipulates that the settling parties pay their share of treatment costs of the plaintiff's wells that may become contaminated or require treatment for the next 30 years.

In regard to greenhouse gas emissions Hess outlined in their 2006 Corporate Sustainability Report a "four element" strategy to reduce and control emissions. The strategy's steps include monitoring, measuring, managing, and mitigating. Through reporting results, energy efficiency and recovery, and carbon capture and trading the company intends to improve its environmental impact.

Hess Corporation  - hess resource center
Locations

Prior to the March 4, 2013 announcement of its withdrawal from refining and retail sales of petroleum products, Hess operated gas stations in Alabama, Arkansas, California, Connecticut, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Indonesia, Maryland, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, Tennessee, and Virginia.

Hess Corporation  - hess resource center
Toy trucks

The Hess toy trucks, helicopters, police cars, airplanes, space shuttles and rescue vehicles have been popular Christmas gift traditions for 50 years in the US. It is one of the longest running toy brands on the US market.

Since 1964, Hess gas stations have sold toy trucks each year around Christmas time. Each year, the model changes to a new design. Older models are considered collectibles and typically sell for a few hundred or even thousands of dollars. For example, the 1964 truck sells for about $1,400â€"2,000, depending on condition. Hess periodically has a rare truck such as the 1995 chrome truck with helicopter and the 2002 chrome Mini, which were given away at a stockholder meeting and, more recently, the 2006 truck given to New York Stock Exchange employees to commemorate its name change from Amerada Hess Corporation to Hess Corporation.

In Christmas of 2011, The Hess Corporation donated 900 of its 2011 Hess Toy Trucks and Race Cars to the Salvation Army for the underprivileged children in North Dakota. There is a Hess Toy Truck Float in the annual Macy's Thanksgiving Day Parade in New York.

The toy truck business continued after the sale of Hess' retail unit to Marathon.

Models

There have been several instances in which non-truck vehicles were sold under the Hess Toy Truck banner:

  • 1966 Tanker Ship, based on the Hess Voyager
  • 1993 Patrol Car
  • 2001 Helicopter with Motorcycle and Cruiser
  • 2004 SUV with Motorcycles: Note:This marks the 40th anniversary of the Hess Toy Truck
  • 2009 Race Car with Racer
  • 2012 Helicopter and Rescue

The trucks since 1985 are:

  • 1985 First Hess Truck
  • 1986 Red Firetruck
  • 1987 Truck with Barrels
  • 1988 Truck with Racer. Note: Starting in 1988, mini toys were made with the full size trucks
  • 1989 White Firetruck. Note: Similar to the 1986 Hess Firetruck
  • 1990 Tanker Truck
  • 1991 Truck with Racer
  • 1992 Truck with Racer
  • 1993 Patrol Car. Note: This is the first toy car made by Hess
  • 1994 Rescue Truck Note: This marks the 30th anniversary of the Hess Toy Truck
  • 1995 Truck with Helicopter
  • 1996 Emergency Truck
  • 1997 Truck with Racers
  • 1998 Rec Van with Motorcycle and Sand Buggy
  • 1999 Space Shuttle Transport
  • 2000 Firetruck
  • 2001 Helicopter with Motorcycle and Cruiser
  • 2002 Truck with Airplane
  • 2003 Truck with Race Cars
  • 2004 SUV with Motorcycles. Note: This marks the 40th anniversary of the Hess Toy Truck
  • 2005 Emergency Truck with Rescue Vehicle
  • 2006 Helicopter Transport
  • 2007 Monster Truck with Motorcycles
  • 2008 Truck with Front End Loader
  • 2009 Race Car and Racer
  • 2010 Jet Transporter
  • 2011 Truck with Race Car
  • 2012 Helicopter and Rescue
  • 2013 Truck with Tractor
  • 2014 50th Anniversary Tanker Truck & Miniature 1964 Hess Truck Tanker Replica Note: This was a limited production run and was only sold through the Hess Toy Truck website.
  • 2014 Truck with Space Cruiser & Scout. Note: This marks the 50th anniversary of the Hess Toy Truck. This was also the last year the Hess truck was sold in retail stores.
  • 2015 Fire Truck & Ladder Rescue
  • 2016 Truck with Dragster

Miniature trucks

From 1998 to 2014, Hess has produced a mini truck from those years as well as the regular toy trucks. These are the following:

  • 1998 Tanker Truck related with the 1990 model
  • 1999 Red Fire Truck related with the 1986 model
  • 2000 Hess "First Truck" related with 1982 and 1985 models
  • 2001 Truck with Racer related with the 1991 model
  • 2002 Hess Voyager related with the 1966 model
  • 2003 Patrol Car related with the 1993 model
  • 2004 Tanker Truck related with the 1964 model
  • 2005 Helicopter from the 1995 model
  • 2006 Truck with Racer related with the 1992 model
  • 2007 Rescue Truck related with the 1994 model
  • 2008 Recreational Van with Motorcycle and Cruiser related with the 1998 model. Note: This marks the 10th anniversary of the Hess Miniature Truck fleet
  • 2009 Space Shuttle Transport related with the 1999 model
  • 2010 Firetruck related with the 2000 model
  • 2011 Helicopter related with the 2001 model
  • 2012 Truck with Airplane related with the 2002 model
  • 2013 Truck with Racers related with the 2003 model
  • 2014 Sport Utility Vehicle related with the 2004 model. Note: This is the last mini truck in this fleet

Hess Corporation  - hess resource center
References

Hess Corporation  - hess resource center
External links

  • Official website

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Mattson - Mattson Resources

Mattson  - mattson resources

Mattson is a Swedish patronymic surname, meaning "son of Matt (shortened form of Matthew)". It is rare as a given name.

Mattson  - mattson resources
People

  • Brad Mattson, Silicon Valley entrepreneur
  • Eli Mattson, pianist, singer, and runner-up on America's Got Talent
  • Ellen Mattson, Swedish writer
  • HÃ¥llbus Totte Mattson, Swedish musician
  • Howard W. Mattson (1927â€"1998), American magazine editor
  • Ingrid Mattson, Canadian Islamic scholar
  • Jesper Mattson Cruus af Edeby (1576â€"1622), Swedish soldier and politician
  • John Mattson, American screenwriter
  • Mark Mattson, American neuroscientist
  • Per Mattson (1895â€"1973), Swedish, Olympics rower
  • Ragnar Mattson (1892â€"1965), Swedish, Olympics high jumper
  • Riley Mattson (born 1937), American football player
  • Robert Mattson (businessman), (1851â€"1935), Finnish shipowner and businessman
  • Robert W. Mattson, Sr. (b. ?), American politician
  • Robin Mattson, American actress

Mattson  - mattson resources
Companies

  • Mattson Technology, Californian based semiconductor company.

Mattson  - mattson resources
Fiction

  • Mattson was a character in the film Child's Play 2.

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Resource - Economic Resources

Resource  - economic resources

A resource is a source or supply from which benefit is produced. Resources are two types based upon their availability they are renewable and non renewable resource s.Typically resources are materials, energy, services, staff, knowledge, or other assets that are transformed to produce benefit and in the process may be consumed or made unavailable. Benefits of resource utilization may include increased wealth or wants, proper functioning of a system, or enhanced well being. From a human perspective a natural resource is anything obtained from the environment to satisfy human needs and wants. From a broader biological or ecological perspective a resour ce satisfies the needs of a living organism (see biological resource).

The concept of resources has been applied in diverse realms, with respect to economics, biology and ecology, computer science, management, and human resources, and is linked to the concepts of competition, sustainability, conservation, and stewardship. In application within human society, commercial or non-commercial factors require resource allocation through resource management.

Resources have three main characteristics: utility, limited availability, and potential for depletion or consumption. Resources have been variously categorized as biotic versus abiotic, renewable versus non-renewable, and potential versus actual, along with more elaborate classification.

Resource  - economic resources
Economic

In economics a resource is defined as a service or other asset used to produce goods and services that meet human needs and wants. Economics itself has been defined as the study of how society manages its scarce resources. Classical economics recognizes three categories of resources, also referred to as factors of production: land, labour, and capital. Land includes all natural resources and is viewed as both the site of production and the source of raw materials. Labour or human resources consists of human effort provided in the creation of products, paid in wage. Capital consists of human-made goods or means of production (machinery, buildings, and other infrastructure) used in the production of other goods and services, paid in interest.

Resource  - economic resources
Biological

In biology and ecology a resource is defined as a substance that is required by a living organism for normal growth, maintenance, and reproduction (see biological resource). The main essential resources for animals are food, water, and territory. For plants key resources include light, nutrients, water, and a place to grow. Resources,can be consumed by an organism and, as a result, become unavailable to other organisms. Competition for resources vary from complete symmetric (all individuals receive the same amount of resources, irrespective of their size) to perfectly size symmetric (all individuals exploit the same amount of resource per unit biomass) to absolutely size-asymmetric (the largest individuals exploit all the available resource). The degree of size asymmetry has major effects on the structure and diversity of ecological communities, e.g. in plant communities size-asymmetric competition for light has stronger effects on diversity compared with competition for soil reso urces.The degree of size asymmetry has major effects on the structure and diversity of ecological communities.

Resource  - economic resources
Economic versus biological

There are three fundamental differences between economic versus ecological views: 1) the economic resource definition is human-centered (anthropocentric) and the biological or ecological resource definition is nature-centered (biocentric or ecocentric); 2) the economic view includes desire along with necessity, whereas the biological view is about basic biological needs; and 3) economic systems are based on markets of currency exchanged for goods and services, whereas biological systems are based on natural processes of growth, maintenance, and reproduction.

Resource  - economic resources
Computer Resources

A computer resource is any physically or virtual component of limited availability within a computer or information management system. Computer resources include means for input, processing, output, communication, and storage.

Resource  - economic resources
Natural

Natural resources are derived from the environment. Many natural resources are essential for human survival, while others are used for satisfying human desire. Conservation is the management of natural resources with the goal of sustainability. Natural resources may be further classified in different ways.

Resources can be categorized on the basis of origin:

  • Abiotic resources comprise non-living things (e.g., land, water, air and minerals such as gold, iron, copper, silver).
  • Biotic resources are obtained from the biosphere. Forests and their products, animals, birds and their products, fish and other marine organisms are important examples. Minerals such as coal and petroleum are sometimes included in this category because they were formed from fossilized organic matter, though over long periods of time.

Natural resources are also categorized based on the stage of development:

  • Potential resources are known to exist and may be used in the future. For example, petroleum may exist in many parts of India and Kuwait that have sedimentary rocks, but until the time it is actually drilled out and put into use, it remains a potential resource.
  • Actual resources are those that have been surveyed, their quantity and quality determined, and are being used in present times. For example, petroleum and natural gas is actively being obtained from the Mumbai High Fields. The development of an actual resource, such as wood processing depends upon the technology available and the cost involved. That part of the actual resource that can be developed profitably with available technology is called a reserve resource, while that part that can not be developed profitably because of lack of technology is called a stock resource.

Natural resources can be categorized on the basis of renewability:

  • Non-renewable resources are formed over very long geological periods. Minerals and fossils are included in this category. Since their rate of formation is extremely slow, they cannot be replenished, once they are depleted. Out of these, the metallic minerals can be re-used by recycling them, but coal and petroleum cannot be recycled.
  • Renewable resources, such as forests and fisheries, can be replenished or reproduced relatively quickly. The highest rate at which a resource can be used sustainably is the sustainable yield. Some resources, like sunlight, air, and wind, are called perpetual resources because they are available continuously, though at a limited rate. Their quantity is not affected by human consumption. Many renewable resources can be depleted by human use, but may also be replenished, thus maintaining a flow. Some of these, like agricultural crops, take a short time for renewal; others, like water, take a comparatively longer time, while still others, like forests, take even longer.

Dependent upon the speed and quantity of consumption, overconsumption can lead to depletion or total and everlasting destruction of a resource. Important examples are agricultural areas, fish and other animals, forests, healthy water and soil, cultivated and natural landscapes. Such conditionally renewable resources are sometimes classified as a third kind of resource, or as a subtype of renewable resources. Conditionally renewable resources are presently subject to excess human consumption and the only sustainable long term use of such resources is within the so-called zero ecological footprint, wherein human use less than the Earth's ecological capacity to regenerate.

Natural resources are also categorized based on distribution:

  • Ubiquitous resources are found everywhere (e.g., air, light, water).
  • Localized resources are found only in certain parts of the world (e.g., copper and iron ore, geothermal power).

Actual vs. potential natural resources are distinguished as follows:

  • Actual resources are those resources whose location and quantity are known and we have the technology to exploit and use them.
  • Potential resources are the ones of which we have insufficient knowledge or we do not have the technology to exploit them at present.

On the basis of ownership, resources can be classified as individual, community, national, and international.

Resource  - economic resources
Labour or human resources

In economics, labour or human resources refers to the human effort in production of goods and rendering of services. Human resources can be defined in terms of skills, energy, talent, abilities, or knowledge.

In a project management context, human resources are those employees responsible for undertaking the activities defined in the project plan.

Resource  - economic resources
Capital or infrastructure

In social studies, capital refers to already-produced durable goods used in production of goods or services. In essence, capital refers to human-made resources created using knowledge and expertise based on utility or perceived value. Common examples of capital include buildings, machinery, railways, roads, and ships. As resources, capital goods may or may not be significantly consumed, though they may depreciate in the production process and they are typically of limited capacity or unavailable for use by others.

Resource  - economic resources
Tangible versus intangible

Whereas, tangible resources such as equipment have actual physical existence, intangible resources such as corporate images, brands and patents, and other intellectual property exist in abstraction.

Generally the economic value of a resource is controlled by supply and demand. Some view this as a narrow perspective on resources because there are many intangibles that cannot be measured in money. Natural resources such as forests and mountains have aesthetic value. Resources also have an ethical value.

Resource  - economic resources
Use and sustainable development

Typically resources cannot be consumed in their original form, but rather through resource development they must be processed into more usable commodities and usable things. With increasing population, the demand for resources is increasing. There are marked differences in resource distribution and associated economic inequality between regions or countries, with developed countries using more natural resources than developing countries. Sustainable development is a pattern of resource use, that aims to meet human needs while preserving the environment. Sustainable development means that we should exploit our resources carefully to meet our present requirement without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. The practice of the three R's - reduce, reuse and recycle must be followed in order to save and extend the availability of resources.

Various problems relate to the usage of resources:

  • Environmental degradation
  • Over-consumption
  • Resource curse
  • Resource depletion
  • Tragedy of the commons
  • Myth of superabundance

Various benefits can result from the wise usage of resources:

  • Economic growth
  • Ethical consumerism
  • Prosperity
  • Quality of life
  • Sustainability
  • Wealth

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Natural Resource - Examples Of Natural Resources

Natural resource  - examples of natural resources

Natural resources are resources that exist without actions of humankind. This includes all valued characteristics such as magnetic, gravitational, and electrical properties and forces. On earth it includes: sunlight, atmosphere, water, land (includes all minerals) along with all vegetation and animal life that naturally subsists upon or within the heretofore identified characteristics and substances.

Particular areas such as the rainforest in Fatu-Hiva are often characterized by the biodiversity and geodiversity existent in their ecosystems. Natural resources may be further classified in different ways. Natural resources are materials and components (something that can be used) that can be found within the environment. Every man-made product is composed of natural resources (at its fundamental level). A natural resource may exist as a separate entity such as fresh water, air, and as well as a living organism such as a fish, or it may exist in an alternate form that must be processed to obtain the resource such as metal ores, petroleum, and most forms of energy.

There is much debate worldwide over natural resource allocations, this is particularly true during periods of increasing scarcity and shortages (depletion and overconsumption of resources) but also because the exportation of natural resources is the basis for many economies (particularly for developed countries).

Some natural resources such as sunlight and air can be found everywhere, and are known as ubiquitous resources. However, most resources only occur in small sporadic areas, and are referred to as localized resources. There are very few resources that are considered inexhaustible (will not run out in foreseeable future) â€" these are solar radiation, geothermal energy, and air (though access to clean air may not be). The vast majority of resources are theoretically exhaustible, which means they have a finite quantity and can be depleted if managed improperly.

Natural resource  - examples of natural resources
Classification

There are various methods of categorizing natural resources, these include source of origin, stage of development, and by their renewability.

On the basis of origin, natural resources may be divided into two types:

  • Biotic â€" Biotic resources are obtained from the biosphere (living and organic material), such as forests and animals, and the materials that can be obtained from them. Fossil fuels such as coal and petroleum are also included in this category because they are formed from decayed organic matter.
  • Abiotic â€" Abiotic resources are those that come from non-living, non-organic material. Examples of abiotic resources include land, fresh water, air and heavy metals including ores such as gold, iron, copper, silver, etc.

Considering their stage of development, natural resources may be referred to in the following ways:

  • Potential resources â€" Potential resources are those that exist in a region and may be used in the future. For example, petroleum occurs with sedimentary rocks in various regions, but until the time it is actually drilled out and put into use, it remains a potential resource.
  • Actual resources â€" Actual resources are those that have been surveyed, their quantity and quality determined and are being used in present times. The development of an actual resource, such as wood processing depends upon the technology available and the cost involved.
  • Reserve resources â€" The part of an actual resource which can be developed profitably in the future is called a reserve resource.
  • Stock resources â€" Stock resources are those that have been surveyed but cannot be used by organisms due to lack of technology. For example: hydrogen.

Renewability is a very popular topic and many natural resources can be categorized as either renewable or non-renewable:

  • Renewable resources â€" Renewable resources can be replenished naturally. Some of these resources, like sunlight, air, wind, water, etc., are continuously available and their quantity is not noticeably affected by human consumption. Though many renewable resources do not have such a rapid recovery rate, these resources are susceptible to depletion by over-use. Resources from a human use perspective are classified as renewable only so long as the rate of replenishment/recovery exceeds that of the rate of consumption.And they can replenish easily compared to Non-renewable resources.
  • Non-renewable resources â€" Non-renewable resources either form slowly or do not naturally form in the environment. Minerals are the most common resource included in this category. By the human perspective, resources are non-renewable when their rate of consumption exceeds the rate of replenishment/recovery; a good example of this are fossil fuels, which are in this category because their rate of formation is extremely slow (potentially millions of years), meaning they are considered non-renewable. Some resources actually naturally deplete in amount without human interference, the most notable of these being radio-active elements such as uranium, which naturally decay into heavy metals. Of these, the metallic minerals can be re-used by recycling them, but coal and petroleum cannot be recycled. Once they are completely used they take millions of years to replenish.

Natural resource  - examples of natural resources
Extraction

Resource extraction involves any activity that withdraws resources from nature. This can range in scale from the traditional use of preindustrial societies, to global industry. Extractive industries are, along with agriculture, the basis of the primary sector of the economy. Extraction produces raw material which is then processed to add value. Examples of extractive industries are hunting, trapping, mining, oil and gas drilling, and forestry. Natural resources can add substantial amounts to a country's wealth, however a sudden inflow of money caused by a resource boom can create social problems including inflation harming other industries ("Dutch disease") and corruption, leading to inequality and underdevelopment, this is known as the "resource curse".

Extractive industries represent a large growing activity in many less-developed countries but the wealth generated does not always lead to sustainable and inclusive growth. Extractive industry businesses often are assumed to be interested only in maximizing their short-term value, implying that less-developed countries are vulnerable to powerful corporations. Alternatively, host governments are often assumed to be only maximizing immediate revenue. Researchers argue there are areas of common interest where development goals and business cross. These present opportunities for international governmental agencies to engage with the private sector and host governments through revenue management and expenditure accountability, infrastructure development, employment creation, skills and enterprise development and impacts on children, especially girls and women.

Natural resource  - examples of natural resources
Depletion

In recent years, the depletion of natural resources has become a major focus of governments and organizations such as the United Nations (UN). This is evident in the UN's Agenda 21 Section Two, which outlines the necessary steps to be taken by countries to sustain their natural resources. The depletion of natural resources is considered to be a sustainable development issue. The term sustainable development has many interpretations, most notably the Brundtland Commission's 'to ensure that it meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs', however in broad terms it is balancing the needs of the planet's people and species now and in the future. In regards to natural resources, depletion is of concern for sustainable development as it has the ability to degrade current environments and potential to impact the needs of future generations.

Depletion of natural resources is associated with social inequity. Considering most biodiversity are located in developing countries, depletion of this resource could result in losses of ecosystem services for these countries. Some view this depletion as a major source of social unrest and conflicts in developing nations.

At present, with it being the year of the forest, there is particular concern for rainforest regions which hold most of the Earth's biodiversity. According to Nelson deforestation and degradation affect 8.5% of the world's forests with 30% of the Earth's surface already cropped. If we consider that 80% of people rely on medicines obtained from plants and ¾ of the world's prescription medicines have ingredients taken from plants, loss of the world's rainforests could result in a loss of finding more potential life saving medicines.

The depletion of natural resources is caused by 'direct drivers of change' such as Mining, petroleum extraction, fishing and forestry as well as 'indirect drivers of change' such as demography, economy, society, politics and technology. The current practice of Agriculture is another factor causing depletion of natural resources. For example, the depletion of nutrients in the soil due to excessive use of nitrogen and desertification. The depletion of natural resources is a continuing concern for society. This is seen in the cited quote given by Theodore Roosevelt, a well-known conservationist and former United States president, who was opposed to unregulated natural resource extraction.

Natural resource  - examples of natural resources
Protection

In 1982, the UN developed the World Charter for Nature, which recognized the need to protect nature from further depletion due to human activity. It states that measures need to be taken at all societal levels, from international to individual, to protect nature. It outlines the need for sustainable use of natural resources and suggests that the protection of resources should be incorporated into national and international systems of law. To look at the importance of protecting natural resources further, the World Ethic of Sustainability, developed by the IUCN, WWF and the UNEP in 1990, set out eight values for sustainability, including the need to protect natural resources from depletion. Since the development of these documents, many measures have been taken to protect natural resources including establishment of the scientific field and practice of conservation biology and habitat conservation, respectively.

Conservation biology is the scientific study of the nature and status of Earth's biodiversity with the aim of protecting species, their habitats, and ecosystems from excessive rates of extinction. It is an interdisciplinary subject drawing on science, economics and the practice of natural resource management. The term conservation biology was introduced as the title of a conference held at the University of California, San Diego, in La Jolla, California, in 1978, organized by biologists Bruce A. Wilcox and Michael E. Soulé.

Habitat conservation is a land management practice that seeks to conserve, protect and restore, habitat areas for wild plants and animals, especially conservation reliant species, and prevent their extinction, fragmentation or reduction in range.

Natural resource  - examples of natural resources
Management

Natural resource management is a discipline in the management of natural resources such as land, water, soil, plants and animals, with a particular focus on how management affects the quality of life for both present and future generations.Hence sustainable development can be followed where there is a judicial use of resources which compromises the needs of the present generations as well as the future generations.

Management of natural resources involves identifying who has the right to use the resources and who does not for defining the boundaries of the resource. The resources are managed by the users according to the rules governing of when and how the resource is used depending on local condition.

A successful management of natural resources should engage the community because of the nature of the shared resources the individuals who are affected by the rules can participate in setting or changing them. The users have rights to devise their own management institutions and plans under the recognition by the government. The right to resources includes land, water, fisheries and pastoral rights. The users or parties accountable to the users have to actively monitor and ensure the utilisation of the resource compliance with the rules and to impose penalty on those peoples who violates the rules. These conflicts are resolved in a quick and low cost manner by the local institution according to the seriousness and context of the offence. The global science-based platform to discuss natural resources management is the World Resources Forum, based in Switzerland.

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John Travis (physician) - Wellness Resources

John Travis (physician)  - wellness resources

John Walton "Jack" Travis (born January 11, 1943) is a physician and author known for his work in the wellness movement

John Travis (physician)  - wellness resources
Early life and education

Travis was born in Bluffton, Ohio to Boyd Wilson Travis, MD, a family physician and surgeon, and Eloise Kellogg Travis of New York City. He earned his BA from The College of Wooster in 1965, followed by an MD from Tufts University School of Medicine in 1969, and spent six years as a commissioned officer in the U.S. Public Health Service (USPHS). At this time, he completed a residency in preventive medicine at Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, which included a Masters in Public Health, awarded in 1971.

John Travis (physician)  - wellness resources
Career

Between 1975 and 1979 he opened and ran the Wellness Resource Center in Mill Valley, California. He closed the Center in 1979 and established Wellness Associates, a non-profit educational corporation.

In 2000, he moved to Australia with his then wife Meryn Callander and their daughter, Siena, where he has continued to work in the field of adult and infant wellbeing. Between 2008-2017, he was an adjunct professor in the Wellness Program at RMIT University (Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology) and at the California Institute of Integral Studies. He and his wife separated in 2012.

John Travis (physician)  - wellness resources
Wellness

Travis has cited Halbert L. Dunn's 1961 book, High-Level Wellness as one of the influences which lead him to found the Wellness Resource Center. The Center focused on the individual’s overall state of wellbeing and encouraged “self-directed approaches” to improving health. In 1975, he self-published the Wellness Inventory. This utilized a whole-person model, based on a "Wellness Energy System" that comprised 12 dimensions, incorporating nutrition, exercise, and the social environment. He wrote and self-published Wellness Workbook in 1977. This was later re-published in collaboration with Regina Ryan, and had sold 175,000 copies by 2005. In 1979 he was interviewed by Dan Rather on 60 Minutes, which helped to bring the concept of wellness to national attention.

John Travis (physician)  - wellness resources
Illness-Wellness Continuum

The Illness-Wellness Continuum is a graphical illustration of a wellbeing concept first proposed by Travis in 1972. It proposes that wellbeing includes mental and emotional health as well as the presence or absence of illness.

Concept

Travis believed that a medical approach that relied on the presence or absence of symptoms of disease to demonstrate wellness was insufficient. This led to his development of the Continuum. The right side of the Continuum reflects degrees of wellness, while the left indicates degrees of illness. The Illness-Wellness Continuum has been used to describe how, in the absence of physical disease, an individual can suffer from depression, anxiety or other conditions.

He believed that medicine typically treated injuries, disabilities, and symptoms, to bring the individual to a "neutral point" where no illness was. The Wellness Paradigm argued for progressing the individual’s state of wellbeing further along the continuum towards optimal emotional and mental states. The concept is premised on the idea that wellbeing is a dynamic rather than a static process. The Illness-Wellness Continuum proposes that individuals can move further to the right, towards health and wellbeing, through awareness, education, and growth. Worsening states of health are reflected by symptoms and disability. In addition, a person's outlook could play a major role in moving along the Continuum in either direction. A positive outlook would enhance the individual’s health and wellbeing, while a negative outlook would hinder it, independent of the current health status. For example, a person who demonstrated no symptoms of disease, but was constantly complaining, would b e facing the left side of the Continuum and away from a state of wellness. Conversely, a person with a disability, but who maintained a positive outlook, would be facing to the right, toward a high level of wellness. It is less important where a person is on the continuum than which direction they are facing.

The Illness-Wellness Continuum has been viewed as promoting preventive treatmentâ€"improving wellbeing before an individual presents with signs or symptoms of illness, as well as educating people to be aware of and avoid risk factors, in order to protect against pathology and premature death.

Historical context

In developing the concept of the Illness-Wellness Continuum, Travis built on the work of Halbert L. Dunn, M.D., who first coined the phrase "high-level wellness" in the 1950s and subsequently published a book of the same name in 1961. The Continuum was also partly influenced by Abraham Maslow’s concept of self-actualization and Lewis Robbins M.D.’s health risk continuum, the foundation for his creation of the health risk appraisal.

Travis began developing the concept in 1972 and it was first published in 1975 in the Wellness Inventory. Since then the concept has been applied to fields such as medicine, nursing, counseling, physical therapy, public health, and organizational development.

John Travis (physician)  - wellness resources
Parenting

Since 1991, Travis has focused on attachment parenting, connection parenting and infant wellbeing, in conjunction with Meryn Callander. In 1999 they co-founded the Alliance for Transforming the Lives of Children (aTLC). He has criticized the practice of male circumcision, voicing support for the principle of body integrity for young males and challenging the legality of parental decision making in relation to circumcision.

John Travis (physician)  - wellness resources
Non-government organizations (NGOs)

Travis is co-founder of: Coalition for Improving Maternity Services (1996), Alliance for Transforming the Lives of Children (1999), and International Coalition for Genital Integrity (1999).

John Travis (physician)  - wellness resources
Publications

  • Wellness Inventory (Wellness Associates, 1975, 1981, 1988, 2003) ISBN 978-0-9625882-0-4
  • Wellness Workbook, coauthored with Regina Ryan (Ten Speed Press, 1981, 1988, Celestial Arts, 2004) ISBN 978-1-58761-213-8
  • Simply Well: Choices for a Healthy Life, coauthored with Regina Ryan (Ten Speed Press, 1990, 2001) ISBN 978-1-58008-292-1

John Travis (physician)  - wellness resources
References

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